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` vation o'fthat e'n'd of the' machine at which d be;` surroundedby a hopper tor containing the earth to be pulverized `,this h'opperis not i `between saidrods. 4.0

c found to be inyurious, as it will cause much stands.

` cheeks below the platform, B, shown at C,

` teria-l falls into the trough, D ,Aby whichit is tending down to tljielatter. l pulverized earth" to pass into the molding omino sTATas `NATHAN sAwYER, 0F BAJTIMoR, MARYLAND.

Specification of Letters Patent 1`\T`o.`

To all w/zom t may concern lBe it known that NATHAN SAWYER, of thecity of Baltimore, in the State offMaryland, have invented a new and usefuhma# chine for pulverizing clay or brick-earth and for forming the same into"bricks by means of apress constructetlfor thatpurpose; and Idohereby declarethatlthe following is a full andeXact description thereofl In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation; Fig.`2', a top view, with the piilverizer removed, andFig. 3, an ele;`

thebricks are pressed 1and lelivered.` ,d

`Ineach of these, aswell as of the other, figures where like parts occur, "they are designated by the samel letters otre'ference. 1 The drawings aremadeontascaleof one inchto the" foot. d d d In" Fig. l, A, is the pulve'rizer, which is to represented in the drawingsl o, a, a, areteeth pro]ect1ng from each side of a vertical `re'vojlvil'ig disk, A,-c`onst1tut1ng circular guard pieces, the ends of which are firmly Xed to the platform, B, of the pulverizer, on which platform' the hopper The disk, A, revolves between semicircular in`Fig. 4, said cheeksbein'g furnished with teeth like those of thedisk; the semicircul'ar rods, Z9, prevent the ent-rance of stones, of a size to be injurious, among the teeth oflth'e pulveriZer,which are so arranged as to pass TheV disk," A, revolves with a Speed of about'lEZO times in a minute; a" velocity much exceeding this, has been` ofthe clayto be carried aro-undbythe teeth. The pulverized earth is supplied byit, at this speed, with sulii'cient rapidity for the action of the press. The pulverized maconductedinto the molding trunk, to be presently described. ,d

E, is a funnel, leadingfrom the pulverizer to the trough, and in the actual `machine eX- To cause the trunkV with certainty, as it might otherwise l The intermediate portion, Gr", slfJ-pesregu` ares, dated' spfefaberev; 184:4;l

. arch, Ijemploy rods, or pushers, which pass up and down vertically or within the* funnel and trough is shown at l, continued by dotted lines up to the" lever E, which ismade"tovibrate by its" connection" with" the lever; F. The d ffpfins, d, atlitsloiver' end, to takefholdof t-hepulverizedearth. d

The pressing, or condensing," of the pul,- verizetl earth is "not to be effected in -a'mold ofthe ordinary construction, but inwhat I have above` cl'eno'ininatedfa molding trunk, intowhichA it falls from the trough", D,

horizontally i through opening'made' for the purpose l in frontofa piston bywhich itspressing, or

consolidation', is effected. `The molding trunk'lmake of cast-iron, andline it with A plates ofthe; 'Same materiel grouse perreaiy d wholelengthl-of the molding trunk" may be about thirty'inchesl` Itis"r`eotangular, and i toward its front end; wl1ere.`tli*`e`1nolded brickV is tbeclelivered., it hasits sides parallel for 5 aboutsix" inchesin length, the opening being l of Et'he length and "width ofa brick.

` l Irnmev diately in therear" oit this, its sides recede regularly `from eachother, say` for a length" l of `from twelve to eighteen "inches, so as, lin

that part",-A to be ffunnelformed; at therear,`- or widerend, ofthis" sloping part it mayfble about one fourthof'an inch largerthan` at its fiore entre; behind' `-this "sloping part; the trunk has its"sidesparallehand within this` part'the" pressing piston works, its stroke in the actual' machii'ie' being about six and half inches. Fig; 5, is a vertical,` longitud inal section through the middle of'V one ofthe molding trunks;

Gr, is its rear end, into which the piilver`` Q ized` earth falls, through an opening, e, seen also inlFig. 21 This opening,`which is surrounded by'thetroughyD, is regulatedfby a sliding'shutter f,if, governed by'a screw,

g, so 'as to determine with exactne'ss the"I quantity fed in. A piston, H, movesback` and forth" in the part, G, which, as abo-ve stated, hasits sides parallel, and is in height about a fourth of 1 an inch greater thanthe `width, and inwid'thabout affo'urth of an inch wider than the length of a5 brick.` The partG, constituting its `foreend, has also itssides parallel, and is of the width `and heightfintended to be givento the" brick.

larly from the part G, to the part G. The opening where the brick is delivered and leading to the outer end of` one of these molding trunks is shown at G, in Fig. 3. The piston H, having a stroke of about six inches and a half, leaves, when it is drawn back, a space more than sufficient to contain the quantity ofpulveiized. earth to form one brick; a length of vabout five and ya quarterincheshaving been found sufficient for that purpose; the quantity fed in is, however, easily and accurately regulated by means of the slide, f.

` The taper form given to the part G', o-f the molding trunk causes the clay to pack gradually more and more closely as it passes along it, and the brick is thus consolidated without its being necessary to have any front bearing. A like effect might be produced by giving a greater length to the molding trunk, without sloping the part Gr. This 1 I point ofdelivery of the bricks, is occupied by the frame-work, j, j, which stands immeslope, however, not only saves room, but is advantageous in another point of view, as it causes a more general sliding of the particles against each other throughout the whole mass, and, consequently, intermingles and combines them ,the more effectually. This action, with the length of the channel along which the material has to pass, causes a very j perfect separation of the air contained in the mass, so that the brick when delivered, is not liable to crack from the expansion of that which has been condensed by sudden pressure, as was the case in my former machine. To facilitate the escape of air, I have sometimes perforated the molding trunk with small air-holes, but this precaution is not by any means necessary, as the largest portion of it is discharged by the first pressure of the piston, H, which operates upon the pulverized clay for a distance of about three inches before it enters the inclosed `part ofthe cavity of the molding trunk. vInto this it passes about two and a Vhalf inches, by which the compressed material which is to constitute abrick, is also ad-y vanced about two and a half vinches a-t the delivery end of the trunk.

The machine, as constructed and represented, is made for the pressing oftwo bricks, the parts described being doubled, and one piston retreating while the .other is advancing. Any adequate power may be used to drive the machine.

I, I, is t-he main crank, or piston shaft, havingv on it a wheel, J, into which a pinion, K, on the driving shaft, L, gears. -The shaft, I, carries two cranks which actuate the horizontal connecting rods M, M, thatA carry the pistons, H,.Fig. 5, giving them a pla-y of about six anda half inches.

The compressed clay, as it leaves the molding trunk, is to be cut 0E to the thickness of a brick by a vibrating knife xed in a sliding gate at the fore end of the maforced out, from which shelf it is to be removed by hand. In Fig. 3, N, N, are the sliding gates, the inside cheek of one of which is shown in Fig. 6. The cutting and paring knives are made o-f sheet steel, say

one eighth of an inch thick; g, g, is the knife that cuts the brick off; it, t, is the knife which is to pare the projecting clay which has been acted on by the cutting knife, so as to give a smooth surface thereto'. The shelf, z', z', stands immediately above the paring knife, h, h, and its rear edge may be about three fourths of an inch from the end of the channel, in front of the molding trough through which the brick is delivered. The edges of the knives gy, and 71 are at the Ydistance of the thickness of a brick from each other. This space, or distance, at the diately in front of the molding trough; the opening through this frame is of the same the knife, g, g, passes while the knife,

i size with that of the fore end of the molding trough, and between it and said trough,

h z, is immediately in front of it. The part7 of i the frame, j, y', may be denominated the fin- Qishing mold, as it is of the eXact dimen-` sions o-f the brick, which is cut off, and pared v within it.

The knife, g, g, has its edge about siX i inches below that of the knife, 7L, L, and it begins to cut off the brick while the partv 7c, le, of the sliding gate sustains it in front,

ithis part being solid. The edges of vthe knives are best placed obliquely, as they then tout the more easily and smoothly. 'As the crank moves round, and the knife g, g, has

1 descended below the cut off brick, the piston being forced in, said brick is pushed out by @the advancing clay, and is delivered onv to the shelf at the proper time; it is then carried up on said shelf, from which itis to be removed by hand.

The sliding gates, N, N, are attached at their lower ends, by suitable shackles, tothe vibrating levers F, F, which are moved in the following manner: The shaft,iL, which lcarries the pinion, K, carries also at its ginner end a second pinion, O, Fig. l, which meshes into the wheel, P, Figs. 1, and 2.1 The shaft of the wheel P, cai-ries two cranks Q, Q, which are respectively connected to -K ithe levers, F, F, by the rods, or shackles, R, R. Y

The levers E, E', that actuate the push ers, el, cl, are vmade to vibrate by rods S, S,

' connecting them with t-lie levers, F, F.

T, T, is a pulley and band by which the `shaft of the pulverizer may be made to revolve.

in Which I construct my brick press, and` shown the operation thereof, What I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is y .Y y

l. The manner of condensing the pulverized earth, or clay, by forcing it, by means of a piston, through a channel like that which I have denominated the molding trunk, which trunk may be made to vary in the dimensions of its respective parts, in the manner herein set forth, or may be of the same dimensions throughout, but of `increased length; it being so made, in either case, as that the friction of the clay against the sides of the channel along which itmust pass, shall suice to cause the material to be suiliciently condensed to` give the required i solidity to the brick.

2. I likewiseA claim the cutting oft' and paring the sides of the brick by means of V20 revolving disk furnished with teeth on each 25 of its faces, With the guardbars, Z), b, and the cheeks C, C, as set forth.

NATHAN sAWYEn.

Witnesses:

WM. KIuMEL, CHARLES F. MAYER. 

